Virtual Paving: Rendering a Smooth Path for People with Visual Impairment through Vibrotactile ...
summary
A wearable system renders a continuous “virtual” tactile path using vibrotactile feedback on the shoulders and waist plus audio descriptions of road conditions, integrated into a backpack with a computer-vision module that recognizes labeled paths. Thresholds for cueing come from co-design and Study 2 behavior. In lab tests 16 visually impaired participants complete 127 of 128 trials on 2.1 m‑wide paths; vibration+audio keeps users inside a 1.2 m zone and scores higher on smoothness than vibration only.
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