V2iFi: in-Vehicle Vital Sign Monitoring via Compact RF Sensing
summary
A compact system mounted on the windshield uses a COTS impulse radio plus a Raspberry Pi and power supply to separate reflections by range and time and distinguish multiple occupants where Wi‑Fi CSI fails. A novel MS‑VMD decomposition jointly extracts respiration, heartbeat and noise from several fast‑time indices, then FFT and peak detection yield vital signs. Real road and lab tests report median error 0.06 rpm for respiration, median error 0.6 bpm for heart rate and 50 ms interbeat interval, with noisy frames discarded under strong vibration.
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