Costume vs. Wizard of Oz vs. Telepresence: How Social Presence Forms of Tele-operated Robots ...
summary
A supermarket experiment places a tele-operated robot handing out recipe flyers and varies operator cues: Wizard of Oz (no face photo, voice conversion on), Costume (face photo present, voice conversion on), and Telepresence (face photo present, voice conversion off). Costume produces the highest stop rate and overall best task performance, Costume and Wizard of Oz yield more conversations than Telepresence, and Costume and Telepresence yield higher flyer pick-up than Wizard of Oz. Operators report higher workload in Costume. Recommendations map each form to different service goals.
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