Designing a Non-contact Wearable Tactile Display Using Airflows
summary
Built a 4-point airflow wearable using 1 mm nozzles (experiments use an air pump, prototype uses micro-fans) and measure perception across 29 body locations, narrowing to 12 then 6 for thresholds. Intensity, duration and spacing are reported: airflows are detectable within 400 ms, nozzles mounted ~10 mm from skin, and two-point spacing thresholds guide nozzle layout. A four-direction pattern set yields information-transfer rates comparable to vibrotactile actuators; cheek and neck give best accuracy while torso and wrist perform worse.
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