Fourier Representations in Probabilistic Inference
summary
Claim: Boolean probability tables for bounded‑width factor graphs have most L2 mass on low‑degree Hadamard/Fourier basis coefficients, so truncating high‑order terms gives provable L2 approximations. Technical tool: an extension of the Håstad switching lemma via random restrictions to bound the Fourier tail. Implementation: variable‑elimination in the Fourier domain that keeps low‑degree or largest coefficients and drops the rest. Results: on UAI partition benchmarks exact solvers take ~2 hours, the Fourier method runs in minutes and cuts log10 error from ~3.9 down to ~10^-3–10^-6.
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