IRQs: the Hard, the Soft, the Threaded and the Preemptible
summary
Covers Linux interrupt handling internals (hard IRQs, softirqs, tasklets, ksoftirqd) and differences when using the PREEMPT_RT_FULL real-time kernel where hard IRQs become preemptible threads. Explains why softirqs exist, how deferred work is scheduled and managed (including network, timer, and block paths), and shows how to detect IRQ scheduling problems on x86, ARM and ARM64 using tools like bpf, event tracers and mpstat.
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