Virtual Topology for Virtual Machines: Friend or Foe?
summary
Compares five VM network layouts (linux bridge, macvlan/macvtap, vhost-net, SR-IOV) using QEMU/KVM and libvirt, with iperf3 and pktgen benchmarks and perf CPU profiles. Shows which topologies hit line rate, which add latency, and where CPU overhead grows — for these tests vhost-net reduces CPU use significantly while SR-IOV reaches near line rate; complex overlays raise p99 latency and limit throughput even at moderate packet rates.
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