Automated Verification of the Parallel Bellman--Ford Algorithm
summary
First deductive verification of an unoptimized GPU Bellman–Ford: mechanized proof shows data-race freedom plus soundness and completeness of shortest distances by encoding three loop invariants and several lemmas, using an atomic min for relaxations and a permission-based graph encoding. Verification runs through VerCors/Viper/Z3, required heavy annotations and small guiding assertions, and completes in six weeks and 12 minutes of total effort, producing a working formal proof that scales to optimized variants.
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