Economic Warfare in Venezuela
summary
Argues Venezuela’s collapse traces to nationalized oil in 1976 and later concentration of power and fiscal giveaways funded by oil rents, creating dependence on commodity prices and runaway inflation; price, wage and exchange controls destroy incentives and cause mass migration. Recommends stopping monetization of deficits and rebuilding credible fiscal institutions (stabilization in 2–3 years if credible). Notes targeted sanctions can raise costs for elites, and grassroots use of Bitcoin as inflation hedge is growing but risks seizure via electricity/transaction monitoring unless users protect themselves.
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