From Treble to Mainline. Google Holy Struggle for quick upgrades.
summary
Project Treble halves update rollout time but still takes ~400 days for wide adoption, so Google builds Project Mainline to push small components directly via Google Play as APEX packages and APKs. APEX manager downloads, verifies and mounts module images; ten modules (security, privacy, consistency) move now. Modules must not add new APIs and must use stable AIDL interfaces. Runtime (core libs and Bionic) lands in Mainline, preventing vendor rewrites; Mainline speeds security/privacy fixes but does not deliver full OS version upgrades faster.
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